Use of an Elevated Avenue for Leisure-Time Physical Activity by Adults from Downtown São Paulo, Brazil.

Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) is associated with access and use of public open spaces. The President João Goulart Elevated Avenue, currently denominated Minhocão, is a facility for leisure activities that is open for people during the night and weekends. The aim of this study was to examine if the prevalence of LTPA among individuals living in the surroundings of Minhocão is different according to proximity to, and use of, the facility. We conducted a cross-sectional study with cluster sampling with people aged ≥18 years who lived in households up to 500 m, and between 501 m and 1500 m of Minhocão. The survey was conducted between December 2017 and March 2019 using an electronic questionnaire. We conducted a bivariate analysis and Poisson regression to examine possible differences in LTPA according to the proximity of residences and use of Minhocão. The analysis used post-stratification weights. A total of 12,030 telephone numbers of people were drawn (≤500 m = 6942; and >500 m to ≤1500 m = 5088). The final sample included 235 residents who returned the questionnaires. There was a higher prevalence of individuals engaging in at least 150 min per week of LTPA among users than non-users (Prevalence Ratio = 2.19, IC95% 1.66 to 2.90), independently of sex, age, education, the distance of houses to nearest accesses and number of barriers. The main five barriers related to the usage of the Minhocão were safety issues in and around the Minhocão, rainy weather, lack of vegetation, and lack of facilities. People who used the park had higher prevalence of all types of LTPA than non-users. The results can serve to inform government decision-making on the future of Minhocão.

[Domains of physical activity and education in São Paulo, Brazil: a serial cross-sectional study in 2003 and 2008]. / Domínios de atividade física e escolaridade em São Paulo, Brasil: estudo transversal seriado, 2003 e 2008.

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of physical activity in different domains and the association with schooling, using a serial cross-sectional population-based design comparing data from two editions of a health survey in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Participation included 1,667 adults in 2003 and 2,086 in 2008. Probabilistic sampling was performed by two-stage clusters. The long version of International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) allowed evaluating multiple domains of physical activity. Poisson regression was used. Men were more active in their leisure time and at work and women in the home. Schooling was associated directly with leisure-time activity (2003 and 2008) and inversely with work-related physical activity (2003) for men and for women in housework. The studies showed that Brazilians with less schooling are becoming less active, so that intervention strategies should consider different educational levels. Interventions in the urban space and transportation can increase the opportunities for physical activity and broaden access by the population.

Domínios de atividade física e escolaridade em São Paulo, Brasil: estudo transversal seriado, 2003 e 2008 / Domains of physical activity and education in São Paulo, Brazil: a serial cross-sectional study in 2003 and 2008 / Los dominios de actividad física y educación en São Paulo: estudio transversal, serie 2003 y 2008

O objetivo foi estimar a prevalência de atividade física em diferentes domínios e a sua associação com escolaridade. Trata-se de estudo seriado de base populacional de duas edições do Inquérito de Saúde de São Paulo, Brasil. Participaram 1.667 adultos, em 2003, e 2.086, em 2008. Amostragem probabilística foi realizada por conglomerados em dois estágios. O International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) longo permitiu avaliar diversos domínios de atividade física. Foi utilizada regressão de Poisson. Os homens foram mais ativos no lazer e no trabalho; as mulheres, no lar. Encontrou-se aumento de ativos no deslocamento e na atividade total em homens e, também, no trabalho, entre as mulheres. A escolaridade foi associada de forma direta com lazer (2003 e 2008) e de forma inversa com o trabalho (2003), para os homens, e casa, para as mulheres; pessoas com menor nível de escolaridade estão se tornando menos ativas. As estratégias de intervenção devem considerar os níveis de escolaridade. Intervenções no espaço urbano e no transporte podem aumentar a oportunidade e o acesso mais amplo da população à atividade física.

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of physical activity in different domains and the association with schooling, using a serial cross-sectional population-based design comparing data from two editions of a health survey in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Participation included 1,667 adults in 2003 and 2,086 in 2008. Probabilistic sampling was performed by two-stage clusters. The long version of International Physical Activity Questionnarie (IPAQ) allowed evaluating multiple domains of physical activity. Poisson regression was used. Men were more active in their leisure time and at work and women in the home. Schooling was associated directly with leisure-time activity (2003 and 2008) and inversely with work-related physical activity (2003) for men and for women in housework. The studies showed that Brazilians with less schooling are becoming less active, so that intervention strategies should consider different educational levels. Interventions in the urban space and transportation can increase the opportunities for physical activity and broaden access by the population.

El objetivo fue estimar la prevalencia de actividad física en diversos campos y su asociación con la escolaridad. Se realizó una serie basada en la población de dos ediciones de la Encuesta Municipal de Salud de São Paulo, Brasil. 1.667 adultos en 2003 y 2.086 participaron en 2008. Se realizó un muestreo probabilístico por conglomerados en dos etapas. El International Physical Activity Questionnarie (IPAQ) largo permite evaluar múltiples dominios de actividad física. Se utilizó la regresión de Poisson. Los hombres estaban más activos en el ocio y en el trabajo, y las mujeres en casa. El incremento de activos en desplazamiento y actividad total en los hombres y, también en el trabajo, entre las mujeres. La escolarización estaba directamente asociada con el ocio (2003 y 2008), y de forma inversa, con el trabajo (2003) para hombres y mujeres, además, las personas con menor nivel de educación son cada vez menos activas. Las estrategias de intervención deben considerar los niveles de escolaridad. Las intervenciones en el espacio urbano y en el transporte pueden aumentar la oportunidad y el acceso más amplio de la población a la actividad física.

Epidemiologia da relação dose-resposta ao exercício físico, 2003 e 2008: prevalência e fatores associados / Epidemiology of dose-response relationship to physical exercise, 2003 and 2008: prevalence and associated factors

Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de atividade física em diferentes domínios, na combinação simultânea deles e a sua associação com escolaridade. Métodos: Estudo transversal seriado de base populacional de duas edições do Inquérito de Saúde do Município de SP. Participaram 1.667 adultos em 2003 e 2.086 em 2008. Amostragem probabilística foi realizada por conglomerados em dois estágios. O IPAQ longo permitiu avaliar diversos domínios de atividade física. Foi utilizado regressão de Poisson. Resultados: Os homens foram mais ativos no lazer e no trabalho e as mulheres no lar. Aumento de ativos no deslocamento e na atividade total em homens, e também no trabalho entre as mulheres. Redução na proporção de inativos, e aumento de pessoas que alcançaram o tempo de atividade física preconizado pela OMS. Indivíduos com maior escolaridade foram mais ativos na atividade total. Menos escolarizados apontaram redução nas atividades realizadas no trabalho para todas as intensidades, mais importante em mulheres; e no ambiente doméstico, em especial para as vigorosas no lar. A escolaridade apontou associação positiva com atividade no lazer e negativa com atividade doméstica e ocupacional. Em 2008, a associação se sustentou só no lazer. Em ambos os sexos houve redução na proporção de quem realiza um domínio de atividade, e aumentou para quem realiza dois, três ou quatro domínios de atividade simultaneamente. Simultaneidade dos domínios apontou redução na proporção de pessoas ativas, apesar de aumento na proporção de pessoas que atingiram a recomendação da OMS. Entretanto, limitação como o tamanho da amostra, que impediu a investigação de fatores associados. Conclusões: As estratégias de intervenção para reduzir os níveis de inatividade física e assim, a carga das doenças não-transmissíveis, devem considerar os níveis de escolaridade e a diversificação de domínios adotada pela população. A identificação de subgrupos mais vulneráveis exigirá que nossos dados permitam uma sinalização...

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of physical activity in different areas, the simultaneous combination of them and their association with schooling. Methods: Cross-sectional study population-based series of two editions of the City of SP Health Survey. 1,667 adults participated in 2003 and 2,086 in 2008. Probability sampling was carried out by conglomerates in two stages. The IPAQ long it possible to evaluate various fields of physical activity. Poisson regression was used. Results: Men were more active during leisure time and at work and women in the home. Increased active in transportation and overall activity in men, and also at work among women. Reduction in the proportion of inactive, and increase in people who have reached the time of physical activity recommended by WHO. Individuals with more education were more active in the total activity. Less educated had reduction in activities at work for all intensities, more important in women; and the domestic environment, especially for the strong at home. Schooling revealed a positive association with activity in leisure and negative with domestic and occupational activity. In 2008, the association held only at leisure. In both sexes, there was a reduction in the proportion of those who perform a domain activity, and increased for those making two, three or four areas of activity simultaneously. Simultaneity of fields showed a reduction in the proportion of active people, despite increase in the proportion of people who reached the WHO recommendation. However, as limiting the sample size, which prevented the investigation of associated factors. Conclusions: The intervention strategies to reduce levels of physical inactivity and thus the burden of non-communicable diseases, should consider the levels of education and the diversification of areas adopted by the population. The identification of vulnerable subgroups require our data allow a signal to some intervention measures, seeking to enhance the...

Resistance to cypermethrin and amitraz in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus on the Santa Catarina Plateau, Brazil.

With the objective of evaluating Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus resistance to cipermetrina and amitraz, were collected engorged tick females from cattle on 20 farms on the Santa Catarina Plateau, in southern Brazil, between January of 2004 and May of 2006. Were also received 20 groups of engorged R. (B.) microplus females, collected by cattle farmers requesting acaricidal efficacy (AE) testing. Were performed in vitro tests, which consisted of immersing engorged females in cypermethrin (0.015%) and in amitraz (0.025%). An AE >95% was considered indicative of effectiveness. Of the 20 collected groups, 18 (90%) showed cypermethrin resistance and 1 (5%) showed amitraz resistance. Of the 20 received groups, 19 (95%) showed cypermethrin resistance and 2 (10%) showed amitraz resistance. The AE of cypermethrin was found to be >95%, 85-94%, and 55-64%, respectively, in 4 (57.1%), 2 (28.6%), and 1 (14.3%) of 7 reference groups, collected in the 1997-2001 period. The AE of amitraz was >95% in all of those groups. Among the groups of specimens received for analysis in that period, the AE of amitraz was >95% in 6 (85.71%) and 75-84% in 1 (14.28%). R. (B.) microplus resistance to acaricides is increasing on the Santa Catarina Plateau.

Resistance to cypermethrin and amitraz in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus on the Santa Catarina Plateau, Brazil / Situação da resistência do Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus à cipermetrina e amitraz no Planalto Catarinense, Brasil

With the objective of evaluating Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus resistance to cipermetrina and amitraz, were collected engorged tick females from cattle on 20 farms on the Santa Catarina Plateau, in southern Brazil, between January of 2004 and May of 2006. Were also received 20 groups of engorged R. (B.) microplus females, collected by cattle farmers requesting acaricidal efficacy (AE) testing. Were performed in vitro tests, which consisted of immersing engorged females in cypermethrin (0.015%) and in amitraz (0.025%). An AE >95% was considered indicative of effectiveness. Of the 20 collected groups, 18 (90%) showed cypermethrin resistance and 1 (5%) showed amitraz resistance. Of the 20 received groups, 19 (95%) showed cypermethrin resistance and 2 (10%) showed amitraz resistance. The AE of cypermethrin was found to be >95%, 85-94%, and 55-64%, respectively, in 4 (57.1%), 2 (28.6%), and 1 (14.3%) of 7 reference groups, collected in the 1997-2001 period. The AE of amitraz was >95% in all of those groups. Among the groups of specimens received for analysis in that period, the AE of amitraz was >95% in 6 (85.71%) and 75-84% in 1 (14.28%). R. (B.) microplus resistance to acaricides is increasing on the Santa Catarina Plateau.

Com os objetivos de avaliar a resistência do Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus à cipermetrina e ao amitraz no Planalto Catarinense, no período de janeiro de 2004 a maio de 2006, foram coletadas teleóginas em bovinos de 20 propriedades onde os produtores autorizaram a coleta (amostras por conveniência) e recebidas teleóginas de mais 20 propriedades com objetivo de diagnóstico de eficácia. Os testes in vitro foram realizados por imersão de teleóginas em cipermetrina (0,015%) e amitraz (0,025%). Considerando a eficácia igual ou superior a 95%, das 20 propriedades amostradas, 18 (90%) apresentaram resistência à cipermetrina e uma (5%) ao amitraz. Das 20 propriedades com teleóginas para diagnóstico, 19 (95%) apresentaram resistência à cipermetrina e duas (10%) ao amitraz. No período de agosto de 1997 a dezembro de 2001, das sete amostras coletadas, em quatro (57,1%) a eficácia da cipermetrina foi >95%, em duas (28,6%) entre 85% e 94% e em uma, (14,3%) entre 55% e 64%. A eficácia do amitraz foi >95%, em teleóginas de todas as propriedades. Nas amostras para diagnóstico, seis (85,71%) apresentaram eficácia para o amitraz >95% e uma (14,28%) entre 75% e 84%. A resistência desse ixodídeo aos carrapaticidas testados é crescente no Planalto Catarinense.

[The effects of nonsupervised exercise program, via internet, on blood pressure and body composition in normotensive and prehypertensive individuals]. / Efeitos de um programa de exercício físico não-supervisionado e acompanhado a distância, via internet, sobre a pressão arterial e composição corporal em indivíduos normotensos e pré-hipertensos.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the effects of a six-month non-supervised physical training program followed via the Internet on blood pressure and body composition in normotensive and borderline hypertensive individuals. METHODS: One hundred and thirty five individuals were divided into two groups: 1) normotensive individual (n = 57), 43 +/- 1 years of age, systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 120 and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) < 80 mmHg (GI); and 2) borderline hypertensive individual (n = 78), 46 +/- 1 years of age, SBP 120 to 139 and DBP 80 to 89 mmHg (GII). RESULTS: After a three and six-month physical training, GII individuals showed a significant reduction in SBP (-3.6 +/- 0.94 and -10 +/- 0.94 mmHg, p < 0.05, respectively) and PAD (-6.5 +/- 1 and -7.1 +/- 0.9 mmHg, p < 0.05, respectively), body weight (-1.12 +/- 0.26 and -1.25 +/- 0.31 kg, p < 0.05, respectively), BMI (-0.79 +/- 0.4 and -0.84 +/- 0.41 kg/m2, p < 0.05, respectively) and waist circumference (-1.12 +/- 0.53 and -1.84 +/- 0.56 cm, p < 0.05, respectively). In the GI group, the physical training led to a decrease in waist circumference at the sixth month (-1.6 +/- 0.63 cm, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This program decreases blood pressure, body weight, BMI, and waist circumference in borderline hypertensive individuals, and is therefore a safe and low-cost strategy in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and improvement of health status of the population.

Efeitos de um programa de exercício físico não-supervisionado e acompanhado a distância, via internet, sobre a pressão arterial e composição corporal em indivíduos normotensos e pré-hipertensos / The effects of nonsupervised exercise program, via internet, on blood pressure and body composition in normotensive and pré-hipertensive individuals

OBJETIVO: Verificar os efeitos de um programa de condicionamento físico não-supervisionado e acompanhado via internet, por um período de seis meses, na pressão arterial e composição corporal em indivíduos normotensos e pré-hipertensos. MÉTODOS: Participaram 135 indivíduos divididos em dois grupos: 1) normotenso (n = 57), 43 ± 1 anos, pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) < 120 e diastólica (PAD) < 80 mmHg (GI); e 2) pré-hipertenso (n = 78), 46 ± 1 anos, PAS de 120 a 139 e PAD de 80 a 89 mmHg (GII). RESULTADOS: Após três e seis meses de condicionamento físico, os indivíduos GII apresentaram redução significativa na PAS (-3,6 ± 0,94 e -10 ± 0,94 mmHg, p < 0,05, respectivamente) e PAD (-6,5 ± 1 e -7,1 ± 0,9 mmHg, p < 0,05, respectivamente), peso corporal (-1,12 ± 0,26 e -1,25 ± 0,31 kg, p < 0,05, respectivamente), IMC (-0,79 ± 0,4 e -0,84 ± 0,41 kg/m2, p < 0,05, respectivamente) e circunferência da cintura (-1,12 ± 0,53 e -1,84 ± 0,56 cm, p < 0,05, respectivamente). No GI, o condicionamento físico diminuiu a circunferência da cintura no sexto mês (-1,6 ± 0,63 cm, p < 0,05). CONCLUSÃO: Este programa diminui a pressão arterial, peso corporal, IMC e circunferência da cintura em indivíduos pré-hipertensos, constituindo-se, portanto, numa estratégia segura e de baixo custo na prevenção de doenças cardiovasculares e melhoria da condição de saúde da população.